In today’s uncertain interest-rate environment, homeowners want the option to make a change to their mortgage and shop around for the best terms and rates, especially at renewal time.
With economists expecting several more central bank rate cuts, and 60 per cent of all outstanding mortgages coming up for renewal over the next two years, mortgage pricing in Canada is poised to get even more competitive as banks look to lure clients from their existing lenders.
But when shopping around, one product homeowners might want to steer clear of is a collateral-charge mortgage, which comes with restrictions around switching, whether at renewal or any other time.
A collateral-charge mortgage, also known as a readvanceable mortgage, is a type of loan that essentially bundles together your mortgage and a line of credit, based on the amount of your home equity. When a lender registers this type of mortgage, they’ll do so for an amount up to 125 per cent of the home’s assessed value.
That extra amount then gives the borrower the ability to tap into their home’s equity either right away, if they’ve made more than a 20 per cent down payment, or as it grows over time – without having to apply and take on a separate borrowing vehicle such as the popular home equity line of credit (HELOC).
With a regular mortgage, the lender registers only the amount that the home is worth, minus the down payment made by the borrower.
Collateral mortgages are offered by Canada’s biggest lenders. In fact, many Canadians may be surprised to learn that some big banks – such as TD and Tangerine – only offer collateral-charge mortgages. Based on TD’s enormous market share alone, with $266.4-billion in residential mortgages as of the second quarter of 2024, there’s a significant number of borrowers out there with one.
But the big downside of a collateral-charge mortgage is that they can’t be transferred to a new lender like a conventional mortgage – the mortgage must be fully discharged first, meaning the current lender has legally taken it off its books.
Most banks won’t do this unless the mortgage has been paid off in full, so the borrower will need a lawyer – and pay additional fees in the ballpark of $2,000 – to break the contract. Sometimes a new lender will cover these costs for the borrower, but that’s not guaranteed. Over all, it adds another layer of complexity and cost for someone looking to make a switch.
The other risk that comes with a collateral-charge mortgage is that it can make it hard to access other types of financing, such as a second mortgage or HELOC, from other banks. This is because more than 100 per cent of the borrower’s home – typically their largest asset – is already tied up in their mortgage with no financial wiggle room. Not having these options can come as a shock for someone who didn’t realize they were in this type of mortgage to begin with.
Collateral-charge mortgages might have a bad rep in some quarters but they are not inherently bad products. They provide borrowers who want to access their equity with a streamlined, cheaper way to do so. This money can be used for anything – renovations, buying a car or paying for school, for example.
But borrowers should be aware and accept the associated risks and restrictions and too often, what we’ve experienced when working with brokerage clients is that they are not.
Unfortunately, it’s the mortgage shoppers who are most motivated by the best rate or get a big bank mortgage that may unknowingly end up in a collateral mortgage and restricting their options. In today’s volatile rate environment, that’s an oversight few of us can afford.
Penelope Graham is the director of content at Ratehub.ca.
